The soil composition typically contains sand, silt and clay. Etymology Īn adobe brick is a composite material made of earth mixed with water and an organic material such as straw or dung. Its wide use can be attributed to its simplicity of design and manufacture, and economics. Adobe bricks were used in Spain from the Late Bronze and Iron Ages (eighth century BCE onwards). Puebloan peoples built their adobe structures with handsful or basketsful of adobe, until the Spanish introduced them to making bricks.
Cases where adobe structures were widely damaged during earthquakes include the 1976 Guatemala earthquake, the 2003 Bam earthquake, and the 2010 Chile earthquake.īuildings made of sun-dried earth are common throughout the world (Middle East, Western Asia, North Africa, West Africa, South America, southwestern North America, Southwestern and Eastern Europe.) Adobe had been in use by indigenous peoples of the Americas in the Southwestern United States, Mesoamerica, and the Andes for several thousand years. Adobe buildings offer significant advantages due to their greater thermal mass, but they are known to be particularly susceptible to earthquake damage if they are not reinforced. In dry climates, adobe structures are extremely durable, and account for some of the oldest existing buildings in the world. The maximum sizes can reach up to 100 pounds (45 kg) above this weight it becomes difficult to move the pieces, and it is preferred to ram the mud in situ, resulting in a different typology known as rammed earth. In some areas a popular size measured 8 by 4 by 12 inches (20 cm × 10 cm × 30 cm) weighing about 25 pounds (11 kg) in other contexts the size is 10 by 4 by 14 inches (25 cm × 10 cm × 36 cm) weighing about 35 pounds (16 kg). There is no standard size, with substantial variations over the years and in different regions.
They can be subsequently assembled, with the application of adobe mud to bond the individual bricks into a structure. Adobe bricks are rectangular prisms small enough that they can quickly air dry individually without cracking.
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